Researchers at the University of Virginia compared the views and experiences of kindergarten teachers in 1998 with those of their counterparts in 2010, and found dramatic differences in what teachers now expect of pupils and how they have structured their classrooms. Generally, teachers now expect children to come in knowing much more, spend more of the day in literacy and math instruction, and devote less time to nonacademic subjects such as music and art. Some excerpts from the findings:
Teacher Beliefs
![BRIC ARCHIVE](https://epe.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/3c0cae3/2147483647/strip/true/crop/680x340+0+0/resize/335x168!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fepe-brightspot.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com%2F44%2Fa7%2F5f2c43428ba45782033e1aa57c08%2Fkindergarten-teacherbeliefs-c1.jpg)
Curriculum Focus
![BRIC ARCHIVE](https://epe.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/ed170ac/2147483647/strip/true/crop/680x315+0+0/resize/335x155!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fepe-brightspot.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com%2F45%2Feb%2F724a1a3134b0dd6394741e45f4fe%2Fkindergarten-curriculumfocus-c1.jpg)
Classroom Organization
![BRIC ARCHIVE](https://epe.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/0b48f88/2147483647/strip/true/crop/680x330+0+0/resize/335x163!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fepe-brightspot.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com%2F81%2Fb3%2F170c73e6fda157b7d92b1f6d2d70%2Fkindergarten-classroomorganization-c1.jpg)
Instructional Approaches
![BRIC ARCHIVE](https://epe.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/3c0b708/2147483647/strip/true/crop/680x415+0+0/resize/335x204!/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fepe-brightspot.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com%2F69%2F3b%2F50a240371c7ef58ee14a428b37b7%2Fkindergarten-instructionalapproaches-c1.jpg)