See All the Lawsuits Filed Over Trump’s Education Policies

The Trump administration early in its second week ordered a pause on the disbursement of most federal financial assistance and told agencies to review their grant programs to determine whether they conformed with the president's executive orders signed when he took office.

Read about confusion stemming from the funding freeze.

First-day orders from Trump instructed federal agencies to end diversity-, equity-, and inclusion-related contracts and take other measures to end federal DEI programs and initiatives. Anti-DEI orders have been the basis for the cancellation of Education Department contracts and grants funding research, data collection, teacher prep, and technical assistance efforts as well as an earlier federal funding freeze.

Read about one round of contract cancellations.

Employees of Elon Musk's Department of Government Efficiency were reportedly looking at private information maintained by federal agencies, including the Education Department through its national student loan database. Read more.

In his first days as president, Trump overturned a federal memo that for more than a decade had prevented immigration officials from making arrests on school properties. It was within his executive power to overturn the memo, but educators and advocates feared what effect it would have on school attendance.

Read more about the policy.

Trump signed a Feb. 5 executive order to pull federal funding from any school or university that allowed trans athletes to compete alongside cisgender girls. He’s also made it official U.S. policy that there are only two sexes. Read more.

The Education Department issued a letter on Feb. 14 telling school districts and universities they had two weeks to end all race-based programming or risk losing their federal funding—its biggest foray into influencing curriculum. The department later followed up with a "frequently asked questions" document and a portal soliciting reports of DEI activities in schools. On April 3, it sent a form to state education chiefs requesting that they sign it certify that schools are not using "illegal DEI practices" as a condition of receiving federal funding. Read more.

The Education Department in February suddenly terminated grants awarded under key teacher-training programs authorized by Congress, saying they no longer fulfilled department priorities. The cancellations came as part of administration efforts to eliminate spending it categorized as DEI. Read more.

The Trump administration dismissed tens of thousands of federal employees on probationary status in February as part of its efforts to shrink the federal workforce. Dozens of these employees worked in the Education Department.

The Bureau of Indian Education runs 55 elementary and secondary schools and funds another 128 operated by federally recognized tribal nations. It also runs two colleges: Haskell Indian Nations University and Southwest Indian Polytechnic Institute. The bureau, part of the U.S. Department of the Interior, runs some of the only schools directly operated by the federal government. A lawsuit filed in early March alleges that the Trump administration's series of efforts to reduce the federal workforce have hurt the school system and led to instructor layoffs and reduced student services at the bureau's two colleges.

Education Secretary Linda McMahon in March announced the Education Department was nearly halving its workforce as a "first step" toward eliminating the agency.

Read more about the effects of these dismissals.

The Education Department shut down income-driven student loan repayment plans, and made it more difficult for loans to be forgiven under Public Service Loan Forgiveness, which expanded under former President Joe Biden. The department on March 26 said it had reopened income-driven repayment.

Trump on March 20 signed an executive order telling McMahon to "facilitate" the department's closure, a move that only Congress can approve. He's also said he intends to move special education oversight to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and student loan management to the Small Business Administration. Read more.

The Trump administration has targeted universities with investigations, threats to cut funding, and actual funding cuts related to allegations that they've violated civil rights laws. Elite universities have been subject to some of the most heavy-handed actions. The Trump administration swiftly terminated $400 million in federal contracts and grants with Columbia University in early March over claims of antisemitic harassment on campus. Columbia has since agreed to some changes sought by the administration. The administration launched a review of federal grants and contracts held by Harvard University on similar grounds, demanding that the university end all racial preferences in admissions and hiring, hold student groups accountable for university policy violations, cooperate with federal immigration authorities, close DEI offices and end all DEI programming, take steps to prevent the admission of international students who are "hostile to ... American values and institutions," and more. The university has said it will resist the demands.

Read about what these funding cuts could mean for school districts.

The Trump administration in early February swiftly terminated dozens of contracts for education research and data collection that contributed to well-known functions of the Institute of Education Sciences, the Education Department's independent research arm. The contracts funded the Common Core of Data (the primary database of K-12 public schools), long-term studies examining educational outcomes, surveys on school crime, a tool that helps educators sift through curriculum research, and more. A later round of contract cancellations hit all 10 regional education laboratories that provide states and districts with technical assistance. In addition to the contract terminations, Education Department staff cuts have resulted in the elimination of about 90 percent of Institute of Education Sciences staff.

Read about these cuts' long-term effects.

On April 2, U.S. Agriculture Secretary Brooke Rollins said she was freezing "Maine's federal funds for certain administrative and technological functions in schools." It was the latest attempt from the Trump administration to use federal funds as leverage to force Maine to change a policy that allows transgender athletes to compete on girls' athletic teams, which runs contrary to the president's February executive order on transgender athletes. During a Feb. 21 White House luncheon, Trump called Maine Gov. Janet Mills out directly for the policy, telling her she’d better comply “because you’re not gonna get any federal funding at all if you don’t.” Mills' responded that the state was following state and federal law and that she would "see you in court." In rapid succession, the Education, Health and Human Services, and Agriculture departments launched investigations into Maine's education department, a school district, and the state body that oversees school athletics. The Education and Health and Human Services departments have since said Maine is violating Title IX.

Read more about Maine's defiance of Trump.

In mid-February, the Education Department terminated the grants funding four Equity Assistance centers created by Title IV of the Civil Rights Act to help school districts desegregate following the Brown v. Board of Education ruling. The grant terminations came amid the cancellation of scores of other department contracts and grants.

On March 28, Education Secretary Linda McMahon announced that, effective immediately, the Department of Education was revoking extensions granting states and districts more time to spend COVID relief aid.

Read more about McMahon's March 28 letter.

The Department of Defense Education Activity runs 161 schools spread across 11 foreign countries, seven U.S. states, and two territories that serve 67,000 students. The department's schools are some of the only directly run by the federal government. The system "is scrubbing references to race and gender from its libraries and lessons with no regard to how canonical, award-winning, or age-appropriate the material might be," according to an April 15 lawsuit. The lawsuit alleges the actions are a response to presidential executive orders that seek to bar "gender ideology extremism" and diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives from schools, the armed forces, and other aspects of public life.

Since Trump took office, more than 1,000 international students have had their student visas revoked, or their legal status has been terminated, according to the Associated Press. A number of affected students have filed lawsuits arguing they were denied due process, and federal judges in several states have temporarily halted revocations.