Tools powered by artificial intelligence have the potential to increase people’s productivity and make many tasks easier to do. In the K-12 world, educators are already using AI tools to plan lessons, create rubrics, provide feedback on student assignments, and respond to parent emails.
When asked what role AI-powered tools should play in teaching and learning, more than a quarter of educators (27 percent) said “creation of instructional materials,” 24 percent said “lesson planning for teachers,” 23 percent said “creation of assignments for students,” 12 percent said “grading students,” and 7 percent said “completing student paperwork,” according to an EdWeek Research Center survey of 1,301 district leaders, principals, and teachers conducted this summer.
Of course, there are downsides to this technology. For instance, AI tools can produce inaccurate or biased responses based on faulty data it draws from, and it has the potential to expose private and sensitive data. Many executives, researchers, and engineers have also raised red flags about AI’s potential to eliminate many jobs.
But teachers’ jobs are safe, experts say. While there are a handful of teacher tasks that generative AI tools can replicate, teachers also have so many other strengths and responsibilities that would be very unlikely to be replaced by those tools. In fact, even though AI “as a replacement for teachers” was one of the options in the EdWeek Research Center survey, no educator selected it as an answer.
Here are some teacher tasks that are unlikely to be taken over by AI tools, according to interviews and email responses from educators, AI researchers, and tech company CEOs:
Teaching critical thinking
Problem solving often requires critical thinking, which involves the ability to analyze information, evaluate its relevance, and make informed decisions. Teachers guide students in developing these cognitive skills through thoughtful questioning, discussions, and activities. AI, while capable of processing vast amounts of data, lacks the depth of critical thinking and reasoning that humans possess.
— Dyane Smokorowski, digital literacy coordinator for the Wichita school district in Kansas
A teacher is vital to the use of AI because they're going to be the gatekeepers. They're going to be the ones that validate the information and make sure that the AI isn't just sugarcoating things or putting things in the wrong category or whatever AI might do.
— Cherie Shields, high school English teacher in the Oregon Trail school district in Sandy, Ore.
Building relationships with students
[AI is] not a human. It doesn't have relationships. It doesn't have history. It's not part of a culture. It doesn't have an understanding of students' individual needs. It can't be expected to inspire students, in terms of directions and future thinking. It doesn't understand social-emotional learning and mental health issues. It doesn't understand the family context of students. There's very many things that teachers remain critical for and always will remain critical for.
— Glenn Kleiman, senior adviser at the Stanford Graduate School of Education
AI is unable to replicate the personal connections teachers build with their students. The emotional support and mentorship teachers provide are irreplaceable. Additionally, excellent teachers know their students well both as learners and as people. The teacher’s role to tap into student passions, talents, and curiosities to design dynamic learning experiences requires a human touch. Yes, a teacher can ask AI to help design a learning experience connected with a particular student’s passion such as soccer, anime, or computer science, but it takes the teacher to make that connection.
— Smokorowski
Motivating students
The human touch is a huge part of motivation to learn, especially in K-12 students. Computers just can't match the kind of empathy that teachers have for their students.
— Tom Mitchell, professor and researcher in machine learning and artificial intelligence at Carnegie Mellon University
Teachers play an extremely important role in supporting students' motivation to learn and, more generally, in helping them develop their own sense of identity as a learner, as citizen, as a future worker, and as a person. Teachers help students both through their direct interactions but also as role models. These elements of teaching and being a teacher will not be replaced by AI tools because the necessary skills and dispositions come from a lifetime of experience and involve
interpersonal interactions.
— Ken Koedinger, professor of human-computer interaction and psychology at Carnegie Mellon University
Creating a positive learning environment
AI will not replace the core work of teachers that supports positive learning experiences: inspiring and motivating students while helping them discover and explore their passions through: building of relationships with students and families; demonstrating empathy and compassion; helping students make meaning of complexities and develop meaningful questions (essential in a world where AI is prevalent); making certain students are valued, know and use their gifts and talents; ensuring physical and emotional safety and well-being; [and] building partnerships with community organizations, industry partners.
— Tara Nattrass, managing director of innovation strategy at ISTE/ASCD
No amount of generated content or automated assessment will replace the value of teachers for students. Teachers are the ones who create a welcoming learning environment for a community of learners with diverse backgrounds and needs. Teachers are the ones who foster collaboration which prepares students to go onto a career or college. Teachers are the ones who inspire their students to become the person who they can't yet see in themselves. The purpose of school for students is broader than lessons and assessments.
— Adam Geller, founder and CEO of Edthena, which provides AI-powered professional development
Teaching empathy, compassion, and emotional intelligence is a deeply human task that requires understanding and adaptation to each student's needs.
— Smokorowski
Providing high-quality feedback on student performance
AI often faces challenges in delivering high-quality feedback on student work that demonstrates a deep understanding of the subject. These difficulties arise from AI's limited ability to grasp the broader context, assess subjective elements, and recognize creativity and originality. Furthermore, AI struggles with providing high quality, interdisciplinary projects, intricate problem-solving tasks, and the nuances of emotional and social interactions. Although it does an excellent job in assisting teachers as they develop products and performance ideas, it would be unable to provide high quality feedback on a choir, dance, or marching band performance, a piece of student artwork, even a student created Minecraft World.
— Smokorowski
Attending to students’ basic needs
Teachers often have an acute awareness of their students' well-being. They can recognize signs of hunger, distress, or when a student is having a bad day. This empathetic connection allows teachers to provide not only academic support but also emotional and sometimes even physical support. AI lacks the ability to genuinely understand and address these fundamental human needs, making teachers irreplaceable in providing holistic care for their students.
There’s no time to waste when it comes to literacy. Getting intervention right is critical. Learn best practices, tangible examples, and tools proven to improve reading outcomes.
All content on Education Week's websites is protected by copyright. No part of this publication shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic or otherwise, without the written permission of the copyright holder. Readers may make up to 5 print copies of this publication at no cost for personal, non-commercial use, provided that each includes a full citation of the source. For additional print copies, or for permission for other uses of the content, visit www.edweek.org/help/reprints-photocopies-and-licensing-of-content or email reprints@educationweek.org and include information on how you would like to use the content. Want to seamlessly share more EdWeek content with your colleagues? Contact us today at pages.edweek.org/ew-for-districts-learn-more.html to learn about how group online subscriptions can complement professional learning in your district or organization.
